Most Commons in Neurology
- Tension Headache - most common type of headache
- Episodic Tension-Type Headache - most common headache subtype (<15 days monthly)
- Migraine - most common recurrent headache disorder
- Medication Overuse Headache (Analgesic Rebound) - most common cause of migraine-like and “mixed” headaches that occur > 15 days per month
- Epilepsy - most common in childhood due to perinatal injury, infection and genetic factors and old age due to stroke, tumors, or dementia
- Seizures
- Most common toxic causes of seizures: drugs, alcohol, and medications
- Most common metabolic causes of seizures: hypocalcemia, hypoglycemia, hyponatremia, hypoxia
- Temporal Lobe Epilepsy - most common symptomatic partial epilepsy syndrome in adults
- Simple Partial Seizures - most commonly results from structural abnormalities in the cortex
- Most adults (70%) with new-onset epilepsy have partial (focal) seizures
- The most common specific lesions are: hippocampal sclerosis, neuronal and glial tumors, vascular malformations, neuronal migration disorders, hamartomas, encephalitis, cerebral trauma, embolic stroke, and ehmorrhage
- Absence Seizures - occur most commonly in children (6-7) and are genetic
- Childhood absence epilepsy - most common type of childhood epilepsy
- Tonic Seizures - most commonly occur in children with Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome
- Gelastic Seizures - most commonly occurs in patients with maternal family history of migraines and is more common in males
- “classic Mirthless Laughter”
- Huntington’s Chorea - most common in 30s
- Sydenham’s Chorea - most common in female teenagers
- Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis - the most common upper motor neuron disease
- Drug induced Parkinsonism - most common cause is treatment with neuroleptic medications
- Tremor - most commonly caused by essential tremor
- Acute viral Meningitis - most commonly caused by enteroviruses (echovirus and coxsackievirus)
- Most common fungal infection of the CNS: cryptococcal meningoencephalitis
- Most common cause of encephalitis: HSV-1 (Herpes Simplex Encephalitis)
- Most common in children and young adults
- West Nile Virus - most common in june and november; caused by Arbovirus and spread by mosquitoes
- WNV Encephalitis - most common in older age (median: 70), rare in children unless immunocompromised
- WNV Acute Flaccid Paralysis - most common in patients with meningoencephalitis, but can occur in isolation
- Multiple Sclerosis - most common immune mediated inflammatory demyelinating disease of the CNS; common cause of disability among young adults
- Most common in women age 20-50 of Northern European descent
- Relapsing Remitting MS (RRMS) - most common form of multiple sclerosis (85% of patients)
- MRI brain: Dawson’s Fingers
- MRI spinal cord: Cervical Skip Lesions
- CSF: oligoclonal bands
- Plexopathy - most commonly caused by trauma
- Neuronopathy - most commonly caused by ALS or polio
- Distal symmetric polyneuropathy - most common neuropathic complication of diabetes mellitus
- Peripheral neuropathy - most commonly caused by Diabetes Mellitus (DM)
- Lead toxicity - most common heavy metal toxicity causing asymmetric finger and wrist drop, abdominal pain, constipation, and anemia
- Spinal Muscular atrophy - most commonly autosomal recessive, found on chromosome 5
- Stroke - leading cause of serious and long-term disability
- Most common non-modifiable risk factor: age (60+)
- Most common modifiable/treatable risk factor: hypertension
- Most common type: ischemic stroke
- Hemorrhagic Stroke (ICH)
- Most commonly occur in basal ganglia
- Most common cause of disability in aSAH (acute subarachnoid hemorrhage): delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI)
Other Helpful Hints
- NeuroExam Tips - This is a great website!
- How to Identify a Migraine
- Is it POUNDing? This retrospective review revealed that 4/5 characteristics had a likelihood ratio of 24 compared to 3/5 with a likelihood of 3.5. (Detsky, ME et al. JAMA 2006; 296: 1274-1283.)
- Pulsating
- Ongoing (4-72 hours)
- Unilateral
- Nausea
- Disabling
- Movement Disorders
- Chorea occurring in successive generations is most likely caused by Huntington’s Disease
- Parkinson disease is most likely the cause of resting tremor in an older patient with rigidity and bradykinesia (slow movement)
- Essential tremor (common inherited disorder) is most likely the cause of action tremor in a patient without rigidity or bradykinesia
- The Flow of CSF: The order of CSF flow can be difficult to remember, so hope this mnemonic helps. "Lady Monro has 3 Aqueducts that go to 4 Luscious and Magical Arachnoid places."
Sources:
0 Response to "Neurology List of Most Commons for Physician Assistant Students"
Post a Comment